Which tool is utilized to identify and prioritize defects in a process?

The tool used to identify and prioritize defects in a process is Pareto analysis. This method is grounded in the principle that a small number of causes often lead to a majority of problems, commonly known as the 80/20 rule. By utilizing Pareto analysis, teams can systematically organize defects or issues in order of their frequency or impact. This allows organizations to focus their improvement efforts on the most significant problems first, leading to the most substantial overall enhancements in the process.

In the context of process improvement, Pareto analysis helps visualize the data through a bar graph, where defects are represented, and it also frequently includes a line graph to show cumulative totals. This visualization clarifies which defects are most prevalent, enabling teams to make informed decisions on where to focus their resources and efforts for maximum effectiveness.

The other tools mentioned serve different functions: a scatter diagram is used to identify relationships between variables, a control chart monitors process stability over time, and a cause and effect diagram helps in understanding the root causes of problems but does not prioritize them. Therefore, Pareto analysis stands out as the most effective tool for identifying and prioritizing defects in a process.